Citation Information :
Abdelkader DS, de Lossada DC. Espectro Lumínico y Oftalmología: Controversias con el Filtro Azul y Otras Patologías (Artículo cortesía de FacoElche). 2021; 14 (4):11-23.
La luz ambiental que llega a la retina está compuesta por infrarrojos (700-1200 nm), espectro visible (400-700 nm) y en personas jóvenes, luz ultravioleta-B (280-315 nm). Las porciones más ofensivas del espectro electromagnético son las radiaciones UV (200-400 nm) y la porción de luz azul del espectro visible (400-500 nm); y esta última porción del espectro comprende, la luz violeta (400-440 nm) y la luz azul propiamente dicha (440-500 nm).
El objetivo de los filtros de luz azul es mitigar el riesgo de toxicidad retiniana, mejorar la calidad del sueño y aliviar la fatiga visual, atenuando la luz visible de longitud de onda corta, sobre todo en el rango 400-500 nm (pico alrededor de los 440 nm), que son las que se asocian con un daño celular más intenso, inicialmente a nivel del epitelio pigmentario de la retina. Sin embargo, la Comisión Internacional de Protección contra las Radiaciones No Ionizantes (ICNIRP, por sus siglas en inglés), informa que el riesgo de daño retiniano secundario a la luz emitida por dispositivos digitales y fuentes de luz doméstica es mínimo.
Actualmente los estudios han demostrado una falta de evidencia de alta calidad en recomendar los filtros azules tanto en gafas como en lentes intraoculares, para mejorar el rendimiento visual, calidad del sueño, aliviar la fatiga ocular o conservar la salud macular. Además, el bloqueo de la luz azul podría inducir alteraciones de la percepción del color, disminución de la sensibilidad escotópica y alteraciones de la sincronización del sistema circadiano.
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